As an indispensable energy tool in modern life, the production, use, and export of batteries involve multiple regulations and standards. The following is a detailed introduction to the basic knowledge, legal and regulatory requirements, and export supervision requirements of lithium - ion batteries.

I. Basic Knowledge of Lithium - ion Batteries

(1) Lithium - ion batteries can be classified according to their working principles into

a) Lithium metal batteries: This type of battery uses manganese dioxide as the positive electrode material, while metallic lithium or its alloy is used as the negative electrode material.
b) Lithium - ion batteries: This type of battery uses lithium - alloy metal oxide as the positive electrode material, while graphite is used as the negative electrode material.

(2) According to the United Nations numbers, lithium - ion batteries can be divided into three major categories

a) Lithium - ion batteries transported separately: This includes UN3090 (for lithium - metal batteries) and UN3480 (for lithium - ion batteries).
b) Lithium - ion batteries transported separately: This includes UN3090 (for lithium - metal batteries) and UN3480 (for lithium - ion batteries).
c) Vehicles Driven by Lithium - ion Batteries: Such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles, with numbers like UN3171, UN3556, UN3557, etc.

II. Legal and Regulatory Requirements

(1) International Regulatory Requirements: It covers international freight regulations such as TDG, IMDG Code, ICAO - TI, etc. These regulations clearly state that lithium - ion batteries belong to Class 9 dangerous goods and put forward specific requirements for their packaging, labeling, transportation, and storage.
(2) Domestic Laws and Regulations: According to the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Commodity Inspection, lithium - ion battery packaging manufacturers need to apply to the local customs for inspection of the performance of dangerous goods packaging before export and obtain the Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate.import and exportAlthough the Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate is an important document for the export of lithium - ion batteries, it can be exempted in some cases.

III. Export Supervision Requirements for Lithium - ion Batteries

a) Lithium - ion batteries in vehicles such as electric vehicles and electric bicycles.

(1) The conditions for exempting the Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate include

b) Lithium - ion batteries with a rated capacity or lithium content less than a certain specific value.
a) The port customs verifies the Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate issued by the local customs.

(2) The port supervision requirements for the export of lithium - ion batteries include

b) Common violations that need to be noted include failure to apply for the Dangerous Goods Packing Certificate as required, or the lithium - ion battery markings on the outer packaging being covered.
Does Article (h) of TDG Special Provision 188 include the weight of the equipment?

Regarding some common questions and answers in the transportation of lithium - ion batteries

Issues of Lithium - ion Battery Transportation Labels and Packaging

Regulatory Requirements for Lithium - ion Battery Transportation

Other Lithium - ion Battery Transportation Issues

For enterprises involved in the production and export of lithium - ion batteries, it is crucial to have an in - depth understanding of the above knowledge and requirements to ensure the smooth progress of production and export activities.